Thomas Harris, a pioneer at Donegal, had a trading post at Conewago creek and eventually he became one of the wealthiest of the traders. James Harris had a post about two miles west from Maytown. And it appears that Simon Girty, the renegade who became one of the bitterest enemies of the Republic and who was at the head of the band of Indians that burned Colonel William Crawford at the stake in 1782, was an early fur trader in Lancaster county, his post being on the Conewago.

The Mitchell family was of somewhat superior status. James Mitchell was a surveyor before he came into Donegal, and seems to have been then or soon thereafter a government official. In 1722 he was made a justice for Donegal township of Chester county, and in the same year was appointed a commissioner to survey the "Springgettsbury Manor" on the west side of the Susquehanna river. He lived a mile below Galbraith's mill, and became a large landowner. He represented Donegal of Chester county in the Assembly in 1727, and was one of the first assemblymen of Lancaster county in 1729.

The Bayly family, the head of which was Thomas Bayly, settled about a mile west from Mount Joy borough, on the turnpike. He died in 1734. His son John has been already mentioned herein. His son James bought the farm later owned by the Cassel family, in 1761-62. David Cassel was the founder of the village of Sporting Hill, on the road from Manheim to Mount joy. John Bayly was a wagonmaster during the Revolution, and much concerned at the attitude of the "Dutch" in his vicinity. He was justice of the peace, and once reported to "His Excellency Thomas Warton, Commander and Chief in and over the State of Pennsylvania," that "the opposition given to the laws by the Dutch at length hath Broken out into open Rebellion, they had threatened' so much and bound themselves to each other, that any Constable that would levey on their Goods, for the fines ipos'd by the Melitia law, the would Rebel against them." The outcome was that resistance to the officers of the law brought a volley from the latter, and so much other trouble that justice Bayly reported that the Donegal militia, though under marching orders, were held "till we suppress this Rebellion." He wrote: "These three that are Shott ar of these Consientious People menoneasts who Preten non resistance and persive Obedience, and there is about 15 or 20 More of the Same sact in the publick Cabal." John Bayly died in 1793 or 1794. Part of the Bayly estate was sold to Thomas Anderson in 1763, but it later was acquired at sheriff's sale by James Bayly.

The Allisons settled northeast of Old Peter's road, near where the road now leads from Maytown to Elizabethtown. James Allison was one of the leading residents, and owned a large tract of land. James Moore resided near Chiques creek, on the east side, a mile south of the Paxtang and Conestoga road. He purchased 300 acres of land adjoining the Donegal glebe on the west. His son Zachariah was a Revolutionary officer. William Buchanan resided near Conoy creek, above the Peters road. 'William Eben was early in Donegal, but soon moved away.

Joseph Work (Worke) came into Donegal in 1720, and took up land on the west side of the Peters road, and east of where Greybill's meeting-house eventually was erected. He built a tannery near the big spring where the Hostetters later settled. It was probably the first tannery west of the Cones- toga, states Samuel Evans. Joseph Worke was a captain in the French and Indian War, and was at the battle of Loyal Hannon, under Col. James Burd, when General Forbes' army was marching to the Ohio to take Fort Duquesne. His son James became an Indian trader, perhaps because of his association with John Galbraith, whose daughter he married. James Worke made his home in the paternal mansion until his death, but three other sons of Joseph Work, William, Joseph, and another, moved to Virginia. All served as officers in the Revolutionary army. The Joseph Worke who was sheriff of Lancaster county in 1779 was the son of James. Mr. Evans writes:

There was a carding and fulling mill on the lower end of the Worke tract. I do not know the exact date of its erection. Prior to the year 1820 it was owned by Mr. Zook, and within my own recollection it was owned by David Zook. Some years ago it was purchased by an English company, and was burned down about ten years ago (1887), and was not rebuilt. This mill manufactured "Linsey-woolsey" and casinet cloth. I remember when a small boy of taking fleeces of wool to this mill to be carded. Upon one occasion I went to the upper story to see the looms at work. I was surprised to find so many young girls at work. They threw little wads of wool at me, and I hastened out of the mill. When I returned home the back of my roundabout was found to be full of little pieces of wool. This was my first and last visit to the weaving room.

Hugh White resided along Little Chiques creek, near the Paxtang road. He left sons Hugh, John Henry, and Moses. One of his sons was Col. Hugh White, of the West Branch valley, in the Revolutionary War. John Tyler lived along Little Chiques creek, near where Myers' stone bridge now is. Jonah Davenport, who crossed the mountains to trade with the Indians at the Ohio as early as 1727, settled on three hundred acres of land near where Bainbridge now is, in 1720. He sold to James Logan, whose heirs sold to the Groffs, Works, and Scotts. The latter sold to James Galbraith. James Cunningham settled near the spring at Donegal church in 1720, taking up several hundred acres of land adjoining the glebe on the north. In 1730 he sold to John Gass. Subsequent owners of the tract, which has been several times divided, include McClelland, McCleery, Kerr, Willson, Cameron, Garber, Hoover. A State hatching house occupied part of the tract. A son of James Cunningham had a distinguished Revolutionary record; he (Col. James Cunningham) commanded the flying camp at the battle of King's Bridge, and at the battle of Long Island. He was a member of the Supreme Executive Council from this county. In later life he was a land surveyor, and laid out the soldiers' lands west of the Allegheny. He died in Lancaster, about 1801.

Patrick Campbell kept an ordinary near Canoy, Indian Town. He was the first constable of Donegal township after the county was organized. He married Mary, the widow of Capt. Samuel Smith, and, they moved to one of.the Smith farms, that in late years owned by the Engles. There he kept an ordinary, or continued one conducted by Capt. Smith for many prior years. It was well patronized, being near the Indian Town, and also on the Peters road which led to Logan's ferry. "It was the custom of the traders to assem- ble at Smith and Campbell's just before starting with their pack trains for the Indian country. They made things lively while they were there." They forded Canoy creek at or near where the stone mill stands, that,in recent years' called "Erb's Mill." Samuel Smith, grandson of Innkeeper Samuel, "was a distinguished general in the Revolutionary War, and was United States Senator from Maryland for fourteen years."

Isaac Marauda, a French trader, had a post near Campbell's inn. He died in 1732. One of his daughters married James Hamilton, who became Governor of Pennsylvania. James Smith, who lived near Conoy creek, was also a fur trader. The McNutt family settled in Donegal in 1722. Robert McFarland settled two years earlier on the right bank of the Little Chiques creek, about one mile from Mount Joy, southward. One of his sons moved to Virginia; John and James remained at home. The widow of James married Thomas Clingan, who thus came into possession of part of the original McFarland homestead farm. Part passed to Ludwig Lindemuth; and the Zercher family eventually acquired part. Nathaniel Lytle settled on Little Chiques creek in 1722; he came into possession of part of the Wilkins land, situated a short distance from the mouth of the Little Chiques; his son John sold the Wilkins farm to the Hersheys and moved to Middletown, where he established a ferry, during the Revolution.

The Sterrett family came into Donegal in 1720, John Sterrett then settling near Chiques creek. He was sheriff in 1744, his son James succeeding him and holding the office for three years. James married a daughter of Richard Allison, who owned several hundred acres of land along Donegal run, adjoining Andrew Galbraith's on the southeast, to which land James Sterritt moved after marriage. His grandson was Hon. James Sterrett, eminent jurist. Richard Allison had a tract of six hundred acres, altogether, along Donegal run, or Spring creek, as it was otherwise called. At his death it was divided be- tween his three children: his son William; his daughter, who married William Miller; and his daughter Mary, who married James Sterrett.

John Gardner came into Donegal in 1718, and then settled at the mouth of the Chiques creek. Peter Gardner came from New Jersey in 1720 and took up 630 acres, "extending up the river from Chiques rock about three-fourths of a mile, and running back about a mile and a quarter, which embraced some land in West Hempfield, where the Big and Little Chiques unite," and also about two hundred acres between the two creeks. Peter conveyed some of his land to John Gardner, who in 1720 built a hemp mill. It stood on the east side of the river and was in almost continual and full operation for a hundred years thereafter. John Gardner conveyed some land to John Bortner, who received a patent in 1733 for 230 acres, selling the next year to John Ross, who became so embarrassed that the loan commissioners had to sell his property in 1738. Thomas Ewing was the purchaser. He had also a year earlier acquired another two hundred acres of the Gardner tract, adjoining George Stewart's land on the east. Upon that land eventually developed two grist mills, one saw-mill, five anthracite blast furnaces, one rolling-mill, and the eastern extension of Marietta. Thomas Ewing was one of the most intelligent settlers, and possessed large means. He married the widow of James Patterson, the Indian trader, and through her came into possession of some of the land warranted to or acquired by Patterson. General James Ewing, of Revolutionary fame, was son of Thomas. James Ewing was also under Braddock and Forbes in the French and Indian campaigns. Later he was an Assemblyman, a member of the Council, and eventually a State Senator. He died at Wright's Ferry in 1806. John Kelley had 140 acres of land near what became the western platted parts of Marietta, in 1740. The farm passed in 1766 through his son to James Bayley.

The Indian traders, Bazaillon, LeTort, and Combs, were the first to have land surveyed in Conoy, the surveying being done by Isaac Taylor in the fall Of 1719. James Logan also had three hundred acres surveyed for himself in the same year. That tract he some time later sold to Jonas Davenport. In 1728 Melchoir Breneman acquired the seven hundred acres surveyed for Martha Bazaillon. Captain Samuel Smith settled at the Spring, near the house of Simon Engle, in 1718. James Cook settled on the east side of Conoy creek in 1720, his land adjoining that of John Galbraith; he died in 1741. Andrew Boggs settled on the river between Bainbridge and Falmouth in 1730; he died in 1765. John Catherwood was well known to most of the early settlers in the Donegals; he was a saddler, and "worked around among the farmers," making his home at Patrick Campbell's tavern, where he died in 1742. Randall Chambers resided near Conewago creek at a very early date. He with Andrew Galbraith organized the Donegal Presbyterian church, being one of its first elders. His daughter Margaret married David McClure, who settled in Conoy along the river. Hugh White resided along Little Chiques creek, near the Paxtang road, prior to 1726; his sons were Hugh, John, Henry, and Moses. The last-named took patent for 168 acres of land in Mount joy township in 1741, though he probably had been in possession for many years earlier. He had two sons, Hugh and William; Hugh married the daughter of John Allison, and was a colonel during the Revolution. William took patent for a large tract in Mount joy in 1741. William Paterson was proba- bly one of the first settlers in Rapho township, taking up about 300 acres in the southern part; his descendants are still in the township. He probably was of the same family as James Paterson, who was in Manor township as early as 1716. The Scott family came into the Donegals in the twenties. Samuel Scott settled on a large tract on the Big Chiques, in 1721. In later years he built the Chiques Hotel, which passed from him to his nephew, Hugh Pedan, who was landlord during the Revolutionary period. General Washington is said to have been a guest several times. It was afterwards kept by John Guy, who ran the stage between Lancaster and Harrisburg. It stood until about fifty years ago, and upon its site Andrew Garber built a fine residence. The original tract patented by Samuel Scott has been since much divided, parts latterly being in possession of the Eby, Stehman, Brubaker, Nissley, and other families. Almost all of the foregoing were settlers in the Donegal region prior to the forties of the eighteenth century.

Other Settlers Prior to Revolution-Of the later settlers of the Provincial period there were several families of prominence. Christian Winiker (Vinegar), Sr., settled in Donegal in about 1750, and rented the ferry near what became Marietta, about two miles west. His son Christian subsequently purchased the ferry and, a tract of land. The ferry for many years was known as Vinegar's Ferry. Ludwig Lindemuth emigrated from Germany in 1750. He purchased the Robert McFarland farm about a mile from Mount joy, along the Little Chiques creek, in 1752. Lindemuth was a Lutheran, and for about a dozen years regularly attended the Lancaster church, walking both ways every Sunday. He was one of the founders of Maytown Lutheran church in 1765. In 1761 Herman Long acquired 469 acres of land from William Smith, who had received patent in 1749. In 1785 Long also gained possession of the.Tohn Stehman farm of 330 acres. This land Stehman had bought in 1751 from his father-in-law, Christian Breneman; the land extended along the Maytown and Bainbridge road. Richard Keys settled near Big Chiques creek probably in the fifties. There was also a James Keys; the latter during the Revolution rented Anderson's ferry, and in 1779 established one in his own right two miles farther up the river. He also purchased the Tate farm of 150 acres, near Maytown. James Keys was one of the founders of Falmouth, and was elected to the State Legislature for several terms. Christian Bucher ; Mennonite, settled in the western part of Donegal township in about 1760, and through his father-in-law, Melchoir Breneman, in 1768, acquired a tract adjoining his own, this land being the tract warranted to William Bryan in 1720. It was about one and a half miles from Maytown, on the road to Elizabethtown. Frederick Bauer and other Lutherans settled to the westward of Maytown in the sixties, soon after the town was laid out. Their farms were parts of the original LeTort-Logan tract of 900 acres.

In 1750 Nicholas McClelland, Andrew Berg, Thomas Cotters, Matthew Blazer, Henry Rup, Martin Heisey, Widow Hones, Jacob Ebersole and John Allison were settled along the west side of Coney creek, near Nissley's mill, in western Donegal. David Craig in 1751 took up several hundred acres along Conoy creek, a little north of Conoy township. His son Robert was a Revolutionary officer. Samuel Woods settled near Conewago in 176o. Peter Wayland owned the Petersburg tract, near Conoy creek; he sold it in 1773 to Jacob Witmer. Benjamin Whisler, John Neesly, Peter Rutt, Jacob Boyers and David Coble owned adjoining farms. James Jamison settled on land one and a half miles west from Elizabethtown before the Revolution. He was quartermaster in Col. Lowrey's battalion, and in later years kept a dry-goods store in Elizabethtown. He died in 1783, his unmarried daughter Nancy inheriting the farm on Conewago creek; this she sold in 1784 to Bates Grubb. Jacob Cook settled on the Paxtang and Conestoga road in the fifties, his land being between that of Thomas Harris at Conewago and the Bear Tavern kept by Barnabas Hughes. He was a major during the Revolution. William Cochran bought a part of Moses White's land in Mount joy township, in 1766. Later, the land passed to the Scanlons. The Hiestand family was resident in Mount Joy township very early; Jacob Hiestand probably settled in the thirties or earlier. He sold i So acres of his tract in 1741 to Jacob Rief; the latter sold to Martin Kreider in 1761. The mill which stood on the outskirts of Mount joy was operated by the Hiestand family probably before the Revolution. The Nissley family is another closely identified with early milling in Mount joy township. Jacob Nissley built a grist mill at the head of Spring creek in about 1761. The Moorheads came into Mount joy township probably in the fifties. Thomas Moorhead received patent for land about a mile north of Mount joy in 1761. He died two years later, the property going to his sons, James and Robert. James was an officer in two wars, French and Indian, and the Revolution. He removed to Donegal, and for many years was one of the ruling elders of that church. In 1787 he purchased the glebe-land of the church. Finally, the Moorheads moved out of Lancaster county.

The Norrises were in Rapho township as early as *1734, when Isaac Norris bought five hundred acres of land partly in Rapho and partly in Hemp-field township. The Ackers.were in Rapho at about the same time. The Metz family was also of early settlement in Rapho; indeed, there were several branches of that family in that region before the Revolution. Ludwick Metz built a substantial house in 1771; it is still in very good condition. The Eris- man family, which owns the Metz farm, comes into the genealogy of the Metz family. John Rora (Rohrer) owned several hundred acres in Rapho township in the sixties; he built a fine house in 1769, which still stands. Conrad Wolf bought 175 acres of land in Rapho in 1753. From him the land passed through many hands before coming into possession of the Kauffman family. Henry Kauffman established a distillery on that property early in the nineteenth cen- tury, if not before. For seventy-five years Kauffman's distillery was well known locally. Widow Dunning, who comes into the 1720 list as a resident and taxpayer in Donegal, was probably Mary Denny; she kept a tavern on the Paxtang and Conestoga road in 1730, perhaps earlier. James Anderson, son of the Rev. James Anderson, first pastor at Donegal Presbyterian church, kept the Anderson's Ferry Tavern for many years. He built the house and for a while during the Revolution, Richard Keys was the landlord.

Pioneering in the Donegals was somewhat di-fferent to that in other parts of Lancaster county, where farming was the staple, almost the only industry. Along what was the frontier, along the river, ferry privileges were almost as profitable as fur-trading licenses' And generally with a ferry went a tavern. The first and most important ferry in Conoy township was Logan's, which was established at Bainbridge in about 1730. Old Peter's road ended at Conoy Indian Town, but a road was cut from there to Logan's Ferry, or Galbraith's Ferry, as it was more generally known. It was discontinued after the Pennsylvania canal was constructed in 1832. Rankin's Ferry, at the foot of Conewago Falls, was established by James Rankin some years before the Revolution. James Rankin was a Quaker, and eventually was proved to be a Loyalist. He would probably have been shot or hanged had he been captured by the patriots sent to seize him; however, he escaped into the British lines, while Howe was at Philadelphia, and thence to England. His farms were confiscated. There was litigation later regarding the ferry and tavern and tavern and ferry-right, which a century later were owned by Abraham Col- lins. However, the ferry has long since been discontinued. Daniel Ellicott had a ferry from the mouth of Conewago creek to his island, thence to Shelly's island, and thence to the York county side of the Susquehanna. Immense catches of shad occurred every spring along these shores. Richard Keys (Keyes), who rented Anderson's Ferry for a couple of years, established one for himself in 1780 a couple of miles above Anderson's; he also had a tavern. Noah Keesey had a ferry across Chikis creek at its mouth soon after the Revolution.

Villages, and Smaller Centres of Population-Beginning with the farthest west, the village of Falmouth, in Conoy township, calls for brief review. It had its origin in 1791, in the enterprise of the Hon. John Bayly, and of his son Thomas, and sons-in-law John Greer and Richard Keys, who with James Hopkins platted a townsite at the mouth of Conewago creek, on the east side, on land which had been taken up before the Revolution by Philip Schneider. These partners in the town-planning project in 1791 proceeded to exploit their holding by means of a lottery plan. One hundred and forty-six lots were sold by lottery, for ten pounds each; and the future of the town of Falmouth seemed good, for at that time boats could not ascend beyond that point on the river. This condition gave promise that Falmouth might soon become a somewhat important river-terminal point. This plan was furthered by the incorporation of the Falmouth & Elizabethtown Turnpike Company in March, 1810. John Greer and James Hopkins were interested in this promotion, the turnpike being built to accommodate persons at the head of Conewago Falls, who brought produce down the river in keel-boats to the mouth of Conewago creek. However, the success of the canal around the falls on the western side of the river took all of the river trade away from Falmouth. The turnpike was then abandoned, and for some years until settlers in Conoy became more numerous and traffic greater, the use to which the highway was chiefly put seemed to be that of a trailing bed for pumpkin vines of settlers who lived along that road. It became known as the Pumpkin Vine turnpike. In later years, the highway was found to be a great convenience to the settlers, as a roadway. Falmouth today is a village of about 300 population. The banking town is Elizabethtown.

Bainbridge is the principal village in Conoy township. This also came into existence by means of a lottery enterprise, in 1813, at which time the place consisted of a farmhouse occupied by Mr. Shaffer, and two taverns, one owned by Bertram Galbraith and the other later owned by Henry Breneman. Henry and John B. Haldeman in i8i3 bought Mr. Shaffer's farm and proceeded to plat a townsite which they named Bainbridge, in honor of Commodore Bainbridge. The town thus laid out was on the north side of the main street leading eastward from the river at the railroad station. The land on the south was owned by Jacob Hoffman; but, following the success of the Halde- man lottery, another townsite project was initiated. John Smith and John Seiple purchased from Jacob Hoffman land on the south side of Main street. These were platted as the village of Centreville, and disposed of by lottery. Eventually the two adjoining villages were consolidated as Bainbridge. There seems to have been a ready sale for lots in this promising place, but the purchasers evidently held the lots for speculation, for the growth of Bain- bridge was slow for some years. The first store was opened by John Hartzler. Other early merchants were John Klein, Hippie & Curran, May & Hamilton, John Kauffman, Haldeman & McQuay, and Jacob Backstresser. More recent merchants include Thaddeus Groff, John F. Smith & Sons, and W. S. Smith & Sons. Bainbridge now has four groceries and two general stores. It also is a banking town, the First National Bank of Bainbridge being a well-established financial institution; its original capital was $25,000. Andrew Bademan was the innkeeper at Galbraith's when Bainbridge was established. The first blacksmith was Abraham Bracht; the first shoemaker was John Breining; the first tailor was Jacob Voglesong; George Kinney was the first saddler, Dr. David Watson the first physician, and Samuel Hackenberger the first druggist. The first school probably was that kept by a Mr. Baxter in his own home.

Bainbridge reached its highest point in population about the time of the Civil War; in 1880 it had about 800 inhabitants, and in 1920 only about 700. Its industries include two or three leaf-tobacco plants. Several fraternal orders were early represented in Bainbridge; the Odd Fellows instituted Bain- bridge Lodge, No. 627, in 1868, with Dr. George T. Deseman as first noble grand. Bainbridge Lodge, No. 231, O. U. A. M., was instituted March 25, 1870, with David Moore as councilor. John Hipple Post, NO. 353, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized in June, 1883, and named in honor of Private John Hipple, who fell in the battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse. Bainbridge churches and schools have been noticed elsewhere in this chapter. Bainbridge Cemetery was incorporated in 1874. Bainbridge is a station on the Pennsylvania railroad, which skirts the river boundary of Conoy township; the other railway stations in Conoy township are Collins, Conoy and Falmouth.

Ridgeville, about one and a half miles east of Bainbridge, in Conoy town- ship, was a place of three houses in 1844, when George Stacks decided to establish a wagon shop and smithy there. He added two houses to the hamllet, which thereafter for about forty years was known as Stackstown. Locust Grove is near the southern boundary of Conoy township, a mile or so southeast of Bainbridge.

Rheems, in West Donegal township, an active little village southeast of Elizabethtown, developed around the Rheems schoolhouse. Rheems is a station on the Pennsylvania railroad system, and also on the electric railway between Lancaster and Elizabethtown. Considering its size, Rheems has quite a large number of business establishments. The Penn Lime and Cement Company operates quarries, and there are several agricultural supply houses. The general store has been owned by the Kreybill family for many years. Landis Bros. have had a gasoline engine house there for long; S. K. Weaver has had a smithy and carriage shop near for many years; the Enter- lines have been in similar business and now have a garage and auto-service establishment; D. G. Brinser has done good business there for many years, as coal, lumber and feed merchant; and Phares Grove has succeeded Isaac Grove as machinist. The Shank and Longenecker families have carried on busi- niesses there itt addition to farming extensively.

Newville, in West Donegal township, about two miles west of Elizabethtown, on the Falmouth and Elizabethtown turnpike, was laid out more than a century ago, "soon after the completion of the turnpike." Its founder was Paul Yeuts, and although Newville seems to have been the generally intended and accepted name for the place, it was also known as Yentstown. Its situation is good, high and healthy, but it has not grown much. Forty years ago Newville consisted of a tavern and store, a church, and a schoolhouse, and of course some dwelling-houses.

Florin, partly in Mount Joy township and partly in East Donegal, ties about a mile westward of Mount joy borough. It is on the Lancaster and Harrisburg turnpike, and consequently on the route of the Conestoga Traction Company. Florin is also on the Pennsylvania railroad. The village is more than one hundred years old, having come into establishment at the period in Lancaster county history when towns were born with no more logical reason than that the landowner sought a profit by town-platting and selling by means of a lottery drawing, and that the buyers of lots were attracted by the chance of also drawing one of the grand prizes. Thomas Bayly was the first to settle on the land which became the site of Florin; he came into Donegal township in 1718, and the land was warranted to him soon afterwards, though it was not patented during his lifetime. His widow eventually received the patent on, August 8, 1743, for 279 acres, which she conveyed to her sons in 1749. They, John and James Bayly, sold part of the tract in 1763 to Thomas Anderson, son of the first pastor of Donegal Presbyterian church. Thomas became financially involved, and his brother James acquired the land at sheriff's sale. Elizabeth Kelly, granddaughter of this James Anderson, married into the Baylor family; her children sold 197 acres in 1799 to Frederick Stump of Columbia, who sold to Christian Hoffman. The Hoffman farm, or part of it, passed into the possession of Christian Hertzler in about i8x2. In 1913 he laid out part of it into town lots, bestowed upon the townsite the name of Springville, and proceeded to sell the lots by means of lottery tickets. An unsuccessful attempt was made a few years later to rename the village Spring Garden; at one time the place was known as Hertzlertown; but the name of Springville held until i88o, when Florin became the name of the post-town at that point, and gradually was adopted as that of the village.

Springville was laid out into 420 lots in 1812 or1813, and sold at $85 each. Another record gives the number of lots as 421, and the price, $110 each! The village plat was resurveyed in 1844.

The first buildings in Florin were those of the Hertzler farm. The original homestead was of logs, but eventually was rebuilt of brick. It has recently been in the possession of the Mickey family. The barn on the Hertzler farm had originally a thatched roof of straw. The public watering trough at the Florin Inn is over the spring which first suggested the name Springville for the village. In 1829, when a building for use as house of worship and school-house was erected, the village "could count twenty-four houses' and shops along the pike, and seventeen in the back streets." The schoolhouse was used for school purposes until 1870, when the Mount joy township board erected a new one, and the old building was converted to other communal uses. Another story was added to it in 1870, and it is still to all intents the Town Hall of Florin, known as the Florin Hall, and used generally for village gatherings.

In 1851 the East Donegal township school board erected a brick school-house in that part of Springville which is in East Donegal; a storm destroyed the building soon after it was completed; another schoolhouse was soon afterwards erected, but found too small. A larger one was soon afterwards built on Market street, and is the present Washington school building. Springville became a post-office in 1864, Samuel Hinney being postmaster; the post-name was changed to Florin in 1880.

The churches of Florin have been referred to earlier in this chapter. The first railroad station at Florin was built in 1861; the place at that time was only a small flag station. The first siding was laid by Thomas Stacks, in 1866; he also built a warehouse and waiting-room on the south side of the track. The first station agents were Joseph Rabeeker, and J. K. Nissley, appointed in 1879, at which time they had charge of the warehouse. In 1887 T. N. Hostetter built the present three-storied building, and fitted out two waiting rooms, with ticket office in the centre. Two platforms were erected in that year. This was the station until 1906, when the new building on Plum street, on the north side of the track, was erected. Florin in 1920 had a population of 769, possessed several good stores, a mill, a hotel, two restaurants, a milk-shipping station, a shirt factory, a good water plant, a concrete-block factory, two or three tobacco and, cigar factories, two schoolhouses, and two churches. Its progress, while not rapid, has bees proportionate with that of very many other centres of population in Lancaster county.

Milton Grove, a village of about 150 population, is in Mount Joy township, five miles northeast of Mount joy, and had its birth also in a lottery scheme, the town, however, almost expiring in the collapse of the lottery project. It appears that in 1820 a German immigrant named Hardtman purchased some unimproved land and platted a portion as Hardtmantown. He appeared to be a man of more than ordinary means, and the prospect seemed good; but "when the the day of settlement came, Hardtman suddenly disappeared." and the land again reverted to the original owners. Possibly this Hartman who platted a town in Mount Joy township in 1813; indeed, the the Springport project reported in the Lancaster papers of 1813 seems to have been an earlier exploitation of the same land. A paragraph regarding the 1813 project is given in volume IV-29, of the Papers of the Lancaster County Historical Society. It reads- "In 1813 a town, to be called Springport, was laid out, containing 173 lots, in Mt. Joy township, four miles from Elizabethtown, eight miles from Manheim and seven miles from Marietta. The projector of the lottery scheme was John Hartman." Nothing further was done in town-platting or exploiting after the collapse of the Hardtman attempt until 1849, when Benjamin Grosh purchased a large tract and platted the present village, naming it Centreville. His was a legitimate enterprise and he began the basis of a town by erecting a general store and dwelling-house on the northwest corner of the Square, where he carried on a mercantile business until 1871. His sons, Frank B. and Eli F., carried forward the business. Eli F. was storekeeper for more than thirty years, and the store is still possessed by the founding family. Others of the Groff family established houses and businesses in the village, and Daniel E. Gingrich founded the Centreville Nurseries before the Civil War. The difficult war period was, however, more than he could live through; pressure of creditors forced Gingrich to sell. In 1862 Mr. Benjamin Grosh built a residence on the Square, and five years earlier Samuel M. Groff built the hotel. No further building was done until 1870, when the village became a post-office under the name of Motley. In a short while the name was changed to Milton Grove, and the village alsotook that name. Unfortunately, the spurt was not long effective and the village is still a minor one.

Maytown, in East Donegal township, is more than 160 years old, and for several decades was the most important town in the Donegals. The principal pioneer family was the Lowrey, headed by Lazarus Lowrey, an Indian trader and the father of famous Indian traders, who have been the subjects of many references earlier in this chapter. Their connection with Maytown is recorded in the patent issued to Lazarus Lowrey in 1748 for 411 acres of land, through which the "Great Road" ran, and upon which the village of Maytown eventually was platted. Mr. Lowrey sold 150 acres of his tract in 1748 to Dennis Sullivan, a fur trader in his employ. But that calling was uncertain and precarious, both as to property and life. Sullivan sustained losses in exciting engagements with Indians, and was unable to pay for his land, and in consequence the land was repurchased by Mr. Lowrey at sheriff's sale; in 1753, however, he resold to John Kennedy, also a trader. He also met with unfortunate experiences with Indians; indeed he almost lost his life, and was carried away in captivity. His property was sold by the sheriff and bought by Thomas Harris and Joseph Smith, Indian traders. In 1760 they sold to Jacob Downer, who owned other adjoining land, which he had purchased ten years earlier from Lazarus Lowrey. In 1760 he platted a town on the 150 acres he had recently acquired. The town was named Maytown, and was well planned. It was a busy centre of the fur-trading industry, and the lots sold readily, though only ground-rent deeds were given. In 1770 the Downer estate went into the hands of the sheriff, and the land and ground-rents were purchased by Alexander Lowrey, youngest son of Lazarus, the original owner. He bequeathed the ground-rents to his daughter, Frances Evans, in 1805. She sold to John Smith in about 1828, and he a year or so later sold to John Whitehill. Fee-simple title has since been acquired. by the lotholders, though for a while there was litigation between landlord and renter.

The first settlers in Maytown were mostly Germans. Many were in the vicinity two or more decades before the townsite was platted; some were farmers, others were mechanics. In 1780 the lot-holders included the widow of James Anderson, Stophel Albright, Walter Bell (innkeeper), Nicholas Blaser, George Barr, Christian 13ellar, Robert Cavin, If enry Derr, Peter Dill, John Enrich, Laughlin Free, John Gorner, Daniel Gilman, Hannah Haines, Charlotte Haines, Henry Hinkle, Jacob Hoffman, John Hollinger, Enoch Hastings, Frederick Gailbach (still-house and inn), James Karr, Joseph Lowrey, Abraham Long, William McGeary, Adam Ness, Daniel Ort, William Peck, Frederick Sailor, Ulrich Tanner, Margaret Tate, Jacob Wiant, Jacob Wiant, Jr., Widow Work, Frederick Yeah.

One of the most distinguished of the early families of Maytown was the Cameron family. Donald Cameron and his son John, and Simon Cameron and wife, came from Scotland on the ship which brought the Rev. Colin McFarquhar to America in 1775. The Camerons were tenant farmers in Scotland, and after setting in Donegal they rented part of the church glebe. William, son of Simon, eventually settled in Maytown and became a tailor, also innkeeper for a while. He married, and a son Simon became famous as a poli- tician and statesman. General Simon Cameron wa's born in Maytown in 1799. Nine years later the family moved to Northumberland county, where the father soon afterwards died. Simon learned the printing trade, and eventually became a power in the newspaper world. He was State printer for some time, and an authority on internal improvements. His interest in public-works projects brought him into actual lead as a contractor. He carried through several important contracts in Pennsylvania, and in 1831 undertook to build a canal in Louisiana from Lake Pontchartrain to New Orleans. He was recalled from that work to organize a delegation to the National Convention at Baltimore, the first national convention ever held in the United States. After the convention, General Cameron was appointed a visitor to West Point by President Jackson. Eventually he became a United States Senator, and reached so high a point in political favor as to be Pennsylvania's choice in 1860 for President. Abraham Lincoln won the nomination, who when elected and in office appointed General Cameron his War Secretary. In 1866 Cameron was again in the United States Senate, and remained there until 1877. "His influence on national legislation was as great as that of any man that ever served in the Senate. * * * What he lacked in fervid flashing speech he made up in terse solid common sense." There were several other men of Maytown who reached distinguished place, but none advanced so far in national affairs as did Simon Cameron, the son of the village tailor.

The first tavern erected in Maytown was the atone building put up by Frederick Gailbach, on the northwest corner of the Square, in 1762 or 1763; he became wealthy. Daniel Gillman was a manufacturer of muskets in Maytown during the Revolution. John Nicholas made broadswords in his smithy at Maytown, just as afterwards he beat the steel into ploughs. Sally Hastings became famous as a poetess. Maytown churches and schools are reviewed elsewhere. Maytown Public Hall was erected in 1853. Maytown Cemetery was incorporated in 1871. The village unfortunately is not progressing; its population is less than it was forty years ago; still, not appreciably. Maytown has two banking institutions-the Maytown National Bank, and the People's Bank of Maytown, the former being the older establishment. The village is an important tobacco center, there being eight or ten leaf-tobacco and cigar factories in Maytown. For a hundred years brickmaking has been an appreciable industry, Frederick Sherbahn beginning to dry bricks in 1820.

The township of Rapho is large, but almost without railway facilities, consequently its villages are small. Sporting Hill is the best situated, about two miles from Manheim and five from Mount Joy. David Cassel, the founder built the first five houses, including tavern and store; and the place for long was known as Casseltown. The houses were all of two stories, and were erected probably soon after the Revolution. The hotel was well known, and frequented by many of the old settlers. It is said that this was the reason why the village became known as Sporting Hill. This by the way casts no unfavorable reflection on the place or the inhabitants; the tavern was probably old-fashioned and homelike, and the inhabitants steady and loyal. They were known for their integrity and honesty, even though for the greater part of a century Sporting Hill was without a church. John Metzler is remembered as one of the most stalwart and reliable residents. The three-story store building was erected by him, and for thirty-five years he was miller and-storekeeper. He sold the store in 1859 to Noah H. Zook, who five years later went south with his brother, Abraham Zook. Possibly the bitterness felt by Southerners against Yankees in the first years after the Civil War had ended, had some part in the tragic deaths of these two Lancastrians. Both were killed; at least, Abraham's body was "found the midst of a canebrake, partly devoured by birds;" but Noah's body was never found. The Sporting Hill store was operated by the Stauffer family for many years. Later storekeepers include Joseph R. Zug and D. M. Dissinger. Henry K. Dillinger was miller for many years. Near Sporting Hill was the Kauffman distillery, to which reference has already been made. Sporting Hill is no longer without a church, the Zion United Brethren congregation in the village being an active organization. Sporting Hill is now a place of about 250 inhabitants.

Mastersonville is a village of about two hundred inhabitants, in the northwestern part of Rapho township, near the Mount joy township line, and not far from the Lebanon county line. Thomas Masterson, who has been referred to before, was its founder. He settled about one and a half miles north of the village about one hundred years ago, and there built a fine stone residence. He acquired a large tract of land, and upon it Mastersonville developed, through his own enterprise and initiative. He and his son Joseph established a store, and he secured appointment for himself as postmaster of Masterson- ville. Joseph Masterson also built a number of substantial brick dwelling-houses. The Exchange Hotel was erected by Samuel R. Zug, his son, Samuel S., succeeding as landlord. N. B. Frolich was proprietor of the hotel ten years ago; the present landlord is C. H. Heller. The Ginder family operated the mill for a long time, and the creamery was a branch of Lebanon. Harvey H. Stauffer has had a grain and feed business for many years, and for long Hiram Eby operated the smithy. H. P. Wisgarver is justice of the peace, and the storekeeper is Jacob Z. Hackman. The Brethren in Christ congregation is strong in the village.

Old Line is a small place between Sporting Hill and Mastersonville. It came into establishment as a post-town of that name, B. F. Diffenderfer, who had a store at that point, being postmaster. The store was later owned by Enos H. Hoffer, and at present is conducted by H. E. Strugis. The population of Old Line is probably less than one hundred. Union Square is between Old Line and Mastersonville, in Rapho township. It was made the Sixtieth Elec- tion District of Lancaster county in 1878, Sporting Hill becoming the Fifty- ninth District at the same time. The hotel at Union Square was kept by Reuben Shelly for many years. Newtown is about four or five miles@ north of Columbia, and somewhat farther northeastward from Marietta. It is in the extreme southern part of Rapho township. It was known as Drytown- in early days, because of the fact that it had never had a tavern; but its official name has always been Newtown, at least since it became a post-town. It is a little agricultural centre that has developed around a country store. The store is now kept by Emanuel H. Myers. Historical sketches of the boroughs of the Donegal Region, Elizabethtown, Marietta, and Mount joy, will be given space later in this compilation.

Churches and Schools. Besides the Donegal Presbyterian, the Milton Grove Moravian, and the Maytown Reformed churches, there are the following in East and West Donegal townships: The Kraybill Mennonite; Reich's United Evangelical; the St. John's Lutheran, and the Church of God, at Maytown; eight or more churches at Marietta; Bossler's and Good's Mennonite, Newville Brethren and Rheems Brethren churches in West Donegal.

The present churches in Conoy township include the Bainbridge Church of God, the St. Luke's Lutheran and Ludwig M. E. Church, at Bainbridge; the United Brethren Church at Falmouth; the Stevens Hill Church Brethren, and the Billmyer African Baptist Church. The churches of Mount joy town- ship include two Brethren churches in Florin, the Newtown United Brethren, the Mount Pleasant and Crossroads Brethren, and the Green Tree Church of the Brethren. There is also the Evangelical church at Milton Grove, and Risser's Mennonite meeting-house. In addition there are eight or more churches at Mount Joy.

Florin Hall, which was built in 1829 and used for a while for school purposes, has been at different times the place of worship of almost all of the denominations in the vicinity. It has been used by the Brethren in Christ, Church of God, United Brethren, Methodist and German Baptist, in, about the order stated. The first Sunday-school formed in Florin was that organized in Florin If all by Amos Slaymaker, a Presbyterian, probably eighty years ago. The United Brethren congregation began with six members; it now has a Sunday-school enrollment of almost two hundred. About fifty years ago the German members of the United Brethren congregation at Florin withdrew, and in 1876 built a brick church on West Main street. In 1890 it was acquired by the Methodist class, and has since been served by the pastors of the Mount joy Methodist Church. An African Methodist Episcopal church was organized in Florin about 1840; twenty years later they built a church on Square street. It is now used by colored church people of Mount Joy.

The Rapho township churches include. Ruhl's United Brethren, a very strong congregation, with a Sunday-school of almost three hundred, under Rev. A. L. Haeseler, of Manheim, pastor, and F. E. Druckenbrod, superintendent; two churches of United Zion Brethren, the Pleasant View and Sporting Hill congregations, neither of which is strong in numbers, but function regularly under Rev. John D. Brubaker, of Manheim; the Mount Hope, Chiques Hill and Fairview congregations of Church Brethren, all strong churches, the two former under pastoral care of Rev. S. S. Eshleman, and Fairview in charge of Rev. S. B. Fahnestock, of Manheim. Each of the three churches has a Sunday-school of more than 200 members. Erisman's Mennonite Church, the pastor of which is Rev. Isaac Brubaker; Mount Hope Episcopal Church, Rev. Azael Coates, of Manheim, pastor; Mastersville Church of Brethren in Christ, a moderately strong church under Rev. Jacob Ginder, of'Manheim; and Gautz's Mennonite, a church of many members, Rev. John B. Swaveley being pastor. The Mastersonville Church of Brethren was erected about forty years ago, replacing a stone structure somewhat larger than the present frame church. When the latter was raised, many of the congregation and people of the neighborhood gathered to assist. A serious accident occurred, part of the structure collapsing, and three persons being killed.

The Common School Law was passed in 1834, but there was opposition to it in the Donegals, and it could not be brought immediately into effect in that region. It was probably in operation, however, in 1837, or a little later. Rapho township adopted the common school system in 1837, and it is stated that Conoy accepted the Act "before the township of Conoy was erected," while it was still of course part of West Donegal. Thus, it would seem that the common schools were in operation in the Donegals before 1842, when Mount joy township adopted the new system, and Conoy township was erected. The record as to East Donegal township shows that "when the common school system was started in 1834, the citizens of the township refused to accept the law, and declined to levy a tax to support the same. A. N. Cassel, Wm. D. Slaymaker, and a majority of the school directors were warm friends of the law. They employed teachers and made themselves personally responsible for the payment of the teachers' salaries. In the following year the farmers gradually came to the support of the law."

In 1842 John Scott, an ardent Presbyterian, died. He had lived in the Donegals since 1799; was a fencemaker until his death, "and plied his trade among the early settlers and farmers of this community." I-le was a bachelor of frugal habits, and saved several thousands of dollars, which he bequeathed to two Donegalians, one a Presbyterian Scot, and the other a German, for the "education of poor children of all denominations to read the Bible, the best of all books." It would seem that he had intended the money to be used for religious instruction. However, the difficulties and expense of properly establishing the common school system were then perplexing questions, and at the request of Donegal representatives the State Assembly passed a measure authorizing the executors of the last will and testament of John Scott "to pay over to the treasurers of the townships of East Donegal and Conoy * * * the proceeds of the estate of the said John Scott," the treasurers being authorized to invest the fund in bonds secured by mortgage on real estate, "in trust for the support of the schools of said townships, applying the interest thereof from time to time to school purposes." The records seem to indicate that in Conoy township the fund was used to pay for schoolhouses built, this use possibly being deemed legitimate investment of the principal in real-estate mortgages. The fund undoubtedly helped Conoy township, then barely out of its first year as a separate township. Conoy township was erected early in 1842. The first school board, which consisted of Frederick Hipple, Dr. Robert H. Jones, John Haldeman, Solomon Haldeman, John W. Hamilton and John Smith, Jr., met first on April 4, 1842, and then unanimously adopted the fol- lowing resolution: "That Conoy Township does accept of the common school system, to commence the first day of June next, and that the County Commissioners be requested to make the necessary arrangements to carry oot said system according to the Act of Assembly." Two years later, on April 8; 1944, the Conoy township school board passed a resolution to build four new houses out of the fund bequeathed by John Scott, of Donegal. These houses were built by contract at prices of from $220 to $265, and situated one in Bainbridge, one at Stony Run near Collins' Station, one at John Kob's on the Fal- mouth and Elizabethtown turnpike, and one at Ebersole's. The 'houses at Kob's and Ebersole's are still being used for school purposes. Conoy township received from the estate of John Scott a total amount Of $1,234.18, the larger amount therefore going into the school treasury of East Donegal township.

The common school law took effect in Mount joy township in 1842. In 1855, excluding the schools of the boroughs, there were eleven schoolhouses in Mount joy township, and eleven school teachers. The enrollment was 522 scholars. Rapho township accepted the common school law previous to 1837, in which year there were in the township fifteen schoolhouses. Sixteen teachers were employed, and there were 904 pupils. The school revenue in that year was $2,676.26, but the expenditures was $4,443.38, the greater part of which, however, had been expended in building schoolhouses. Further information on the schools of the Donegal region will be found in the two chapters devoted to school history exclusively.